A woman from Guadeloupe, a Caribbean island, has been recognized as the sole known carrier of a new blood type called “Gwada negative”, according to France’s blood supply agency.
Fifteen years after researchers got a blood sample from a patient during routine tests before surgery, the French Blood Establishment (EFS) announced on Friday.
The EFS has just found the 48th blood group system in the world!” the agency shared in a statement on LinkedIn. “This discovery was officially acknowledged in early june in Milan by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). Until now, the scientific association had recognized 47 blood group systems.
Thierry Peyrard, a medical biologist at the EFS who was part of the discovery, shared with AFP that a “very unusual” antibody was initially identified in the patient back in 2011. However, he mentioned that there weren’t enough resources at that time to pursue further research.
It wasn’t until 2019 that scientists managed to solve the puzzle, thanks to “high-throughput DNA sequencing”, which revealed a genetic mutation, according to Peyrard. The patient, a 54-year-old woman living in Paris, had the unknown antibody detected during routine tests prior to surgery, Peyrard explained.
According to the expert, this woman “is definitely the one and only case known globally”. He added, “She is the sole individual in the world who is in harmony with herself”, Peyrard noted that the woman got her blood type from both her father and mother, who each carried the mutated gene.
The term “Gwada negative”, which highlights the patient’s background and “sounds appealing in every language”, has gained popularity among experts, according to Peyrard. The ABO blood group system was initially identified in the early 1900s. With advancements in DNA sequencing, the identification of new blood groups has sped up in recent times.
Peyrard and his team are now looking to identify more individuals with the same blood group. “Finding new blood groups allows us to provide patients with uncommon blood types a higher standard of care”, stated the EFS.
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